1723年（清雍正元年），雍正皇帝御批同仁堂供御藥，由此開啟了供御藥的傳奇經(jīng)歷。在整個清朝時期，享有連續(xù)188年供御藥殊榮的民間藥鋪只有同仁堂一家。“傳取同仁堂藥品，表明清宮對同仁堂的信任和青睞，同時也證明同仁堂成藥的品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，可以和御藥房所制成藥互為替代”。
In 1723，the 1st Qing Yongzheng reign, the emperor granted Tongrentang’s imperial supply of medications, when a legendary development process was initiated and lasted a successive duration of 188 years, then proudly as the only fold pharmacy supplier. The emperor’s grant to imperial supply of Tongrentang medications indicates the trust of Qing Imperial Palace and favor in Tongrentang. Meanwhile, this also proves the superb quality of Tongrentang prepared medicines, which were then replaceable with those by the imperial pharmacies.”
藥材和咀片（飲片）：這是同仁堂在所供的御藥中傳藥次數(shù)最多、品種最廣、數(shù)量最大的類別。以同治到宣統(tǒng)年間為例，僅49個年份中，有據(jù)可查的清宮傳同仁堂藥材和咀片次數(shù)共163次。其中：傳藥材124次，占76%；傳咀片39次，占24%。
Medicinal Materials and prepared drug in pieces, were in most frequent demand, widest ranges, and largest quantities among all the Tongrentang supplies to the imperial court. Taking the supplies during the Tongzhi through Xuantong reigns as an example, there was a proven record of the Qing imperial court’s 163-time, which was only in a period of 49 years.
中成藥（含仿單）：目前故宮館藏的同仁堂供中成藥的仿單（藥品說明書）有數(shù)千張，品種有上百種，主要有牛黃清心丸、熊油虎骨膏、加味逍遙丸、三黃寶蠟丸、內(nèi)補養(yǎng)榮丸、佛手開骨散、養(yǎng)血安胎丸、七制香附丸、調(diào)經(jīng)丸、百補濟陰丸、千金止帶丸、小兒香橘丸、女金丹等。“有一種仿單就意味著與之對應的一種藥在宮中出現(xiàn)過”。目前仍保存在故宮博物院文物庫房的同仁堂中成藥有八寶太乙紫金錠、黎峒丸、十香返魂丹、神效活絡丸（現(xiàn)名為“同仁大活絡丸”）、再造丸、蘇合丸等。”
Traditional Chinese Medicines: Several thousands of package inserts and hundreds of Traditional Chinese Medicines are collected at the Palace Museum, such as Niuhuang Qingxin Pill (cow-bezoar sedative bolus), Jiawei Xiaoyao Pill (flavored rambling pill), Yangxue Antai Pill (pill for nourishing the fetus), Tiaojing Pill (pill for menstrual regulation), Qianjin Zhidai Pill (pill for arresting leucorrhea), Xiaoer Xiangju Pill (aiding digestion pill for kids), Nv Jin Pill (pill for warming the uterus) and many others. The package inserts imply that some corresponding herbal medicine was ever consumed in the Imperial Palace. A number of Tongrentang Chinese Medicines are still housed at the Palace Museum cultural relic hall, including Babao Taiyi Zijinding, Lidong Pill, Shixiang Fanhun Pill, Shenxiao Huoluo Pill(presently renamed Tongren Da Huoluo Pill), Zaizao Pill and Suhe Pill，and so on.
《同仁堂傳統(tǒng)配本》被兩次傳抄進入宮中，用于御藥房配制中成藥：光緒十一年（1885年）六月初四日，《同仁堂傳統(tǒng)配本》一冊抄存于清宮太醫(yī)院（現(xiàn)存于故宮博物院），全書共103個配方，首列碧云散、結尾是益壽比天膏；光緒十七年（1898年）八月初八日，清宮又命同仁堂抄錄《同仁堂傳統(tǒng)配本》、《同仁堂藥目》給御藥房（現(xiàn)存于故宮博物院），其中有中成藥配方425種，分為16門類，首列風痰門，牛黃清心丸列首位。
The manuscript of TRT Traditional Medicine Matching was re-copied into the Qing Imperial Palace for imperial pharmacy preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the 4th day of the 6th lunar month, 1885 (the 11th Guangxu reign), then housed at the Palace Imperial Hospital and presently at the Palace Museum. The book includes a total of 103 formulas. In the 8th day of the 8th lunar month ,1891 (the 17th Guangxu reign), the Qing Imperial Palace ordered Tongrentang to copy the updated TRT Traditional Medicine Matching and TRT Materia Medica (now housed at the Palace Museum) for the imperial pharmacy preparations, which comprise 425 formulas of Tongrentang Traditional Chinese Medicines. The first category is anemogenous phlegm, while the first recommended Chinese Medicine is Niuhuang Qinxin Pill in that category.
此后，清宮御藥房多次運用同仁堂配方制作成藥，如御藥房檔案《上用丸散膏丹配方薄》記載：“光緒十三年九月十二日，連英傳：用同仁堂配方合梅蘇丸；光緒十七年三月二十二日，按同仁堂配方合清肺抑火化痰丸四分之一料，如綠豆粒大；光緒二十二年六月初七日，用同仁堂配方合千金保胎膏一料；光緒二十六年二月十一日，福祥傳：用同仁堂配方合加味保和丸半料；光緒二十六年二月十一日，福祥傳：用同仁堂配方合香砂養(yǎng)胃半料”。
After that, the Qing imperial pharmacy applied Tongrentang formulas to prepare their medicines for several times.
1、養(yǎng)生保健治未病
Keeping healthy for preventive treatment of diseases
（1）常年養(yǎng)生治未病
Keeping healthy constantly for preventive treatment of diseases
《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》曰：“陰陽四時者，萬物之終始也，死生之本也，逆之則災害生，從之則苛疾不起，是謂得道”。四季養(yǎng)生、防病于未然，不治已病治未病是中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生、醫(yī)療的基本理念，同仁堂供的御藥中50%以上用于治未病。在皇宮中，皇帝、后、妃等脾胃病較多，加之易有肝郁氣滯，多數(shù)停飲較重，濕邪纏身，所以常年使用燈芯草、三仙飲（炒山楂、炒麥芽、炒神曲）等消食、祛濕、清心、安神的中藥調(diào)理。
Keeping healthy and preventing disease are quite worthwhile all year round. This is the fundamental philosophy of Traditional Chinese Medical Treatment. Half of the Tongrentang supplied medicines for the imperial pharmacy preparation was mainly aimed at such preventions.
（2）四季調(diào)理治未病
Recuperating at all seasons for Preventative treatment of diseases
季節(jié)用藥運用了中藥的性味歸經(jīng)理論調(diào)理人體健康，選用平和、有效的藥味，依據(jù)五行理論（春屬木與肝相關、夏屬火與心相關、長夏屬土與脾相關、秋屬金與肺相關、冬屬水與腎相關）預防疾病的發(fā)生。這是中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生保健理論和方法在清宮的具體實踐，在現(xiàn)代社會仍然有廣泛的應用價值。
The seasonal medication applies to the tropism of taste of Traditional Chinese Medicine for recuperation of the human body to prevent disease by using mild and effective Medicinal Materials and following the Five Elements theory. Such theories and practices of keeping healthy with Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Qing Imperial Palace still remain valuable of vast application in the modern society.
春季，天氣漸暖，風多干燥，寒熱交替，養(yǎng)生去病重在舒肝養(yǎng)血，養(yǎng)陰潤燥，健脾開胃利濕。同仁堂供鮮蘆根、白菊花、竹茹等宣潤肺燥，養(yǎng)陰益肝；用燈芯草、三仙飲（炒山楂、炒麥芽、炒神曲）消食、導滯、養(yǎng)脾胃。
In spring, Tongrentang supplies fresh Rhizoma Phragmitis, white chrysanthemums and Caulis Bambusae In Taenia for nourishing the lung, nourishing Yin(feminine and negative) and strengthening liver. Common rushes and Sanxianyin are helpful for digestion and removing food stagnation, and strengthening the spleen and stomach.
夏季，天地溫暖濕潤，萬物處于開散、繁茂的時期，需要防治溫熱過度，傷損陰液。同仁堂供暑湯、香薷湯、金衣祛暑丸、六合定中丸、燈芯草、薄荷、竹茹等祛暑解熱、生津止渴。
In summer, Tongrentang supplies Herba Elsholtziae Decoction, Caulis Bambusae In Taenia and other products for clearing such heat, helping produce saliva and quench thirst.
秋季，天地氣候轉(zhuǎn)向寒冷、干燥，萬物處于收斂階段，北京地區(qū)秋風、風沙開始變多，人容易多愁善感，需要注意潤肺防燥，止咳化痰。同仁堂供燈芯草、薄荷、白菊花等潤肺去燥。
In autumn, Tongrentang provides common rushes, mint and white chrysanthemums for nourishing your lung and expelling pathogenic heat.
冬季，天寒地凍，萬物紛紛進入陽氣潛藏于內(nèi)的狀態(tài)，需要注意保護身體陽氣，勿使外越，避免外界寒冷侵襲而損傷。同仁堂供鮮蘆根、白豆蔻、砂仁、三仙飲（炒山楂、炒麥芽、炒神曲）等引肺氣下降，開胃暖胃。
In winter, Tongrentang supplies fresh Rhizoma Phragmitis, cardamom, fructus amomi and San xian Yin and medicated leaven to down regulate lung Qi（Vital energy） for appetizing and warming the stomach.
（3）對癥用藥治未病
Indication-based Preventive Medication for Treating Disease Before Its Onset
乾隆四十一年至六十四年，乾隆皇帝因漸至暮年，先后天俱虧，陰陽氣血虛損疊至，故頻用八珍糕、生脈飲（煎劑），其中乾隆六十二年至六十四年，共進生脈飲359次。
In 1778--1801, the 41st through 64th Qing Qianlong reign, the Qing emperor Qianlong, in the twilight of his life, suffered from post-natural weakness, in addition to deficiencies of Yin(feminine and negative), Yang(masculine and positive), Qi（Vital energy） and Blood, therefore frequently took eight-therapy cakes and Shengmaiyin, of which, during 1799--1801, 359 were Tongrentang consumed by him.
2、隨時傳藥治已病
Around-the-clock Medical Service For Curing of the Diseases
清宮成員發(fā)生疾病，特別是皇帝、太后等生病，同仁堂要“全天候”服務。
Upon their sickness, the Qing imperial palace officials and their family, especially the emperor and the empress dowager, demanded Tongrentang’s provision of around-the-clock medical services.
再造丸收載于1764年《同仁堂傳統(tǒng)配本》的“風痰門”。經(jīng)考證，光緒十一年（1885年），御醫(yī)李德昌為慈禧太后擬再造丸，是根據(jù)《同仁堂傳統(tǒng)配本》結合慈禧太后本人體質(zhì)加1味白芍而成。 同仁堂再造丸仿單現(xiàn)存于故宮，仿單內(nèi)容：“此藥專治風濕諸痹、口眼歪斜、半身不遂、行步艱難、筋骨拘攣、手足疼痛。宣暢氣血，通利經(jīng)絡。大者一丸、小者酌用。病在左部，用四物湯為引，當歸、生地、白芍、川芎各一錢；病在右部，用四君子湯為引，白術一錢、茯苓一錢、人參一錢、甘草五分，如無人參用黃芪代；其余用姜湯、黃酒酌用；孕婦忌服；五種癇癥，用金器煎湯送下。同仁堂樂家老鋪開設在北京正陽門外大柵欄中間路南，有沖天招牌便是”。
The Zaizao Pill is compiled into the Anemogenous Phlegm category of TRT Traditional Medicine Matching Tongrentang in the 11rd Guangxu reign (1885), through investigations, it is evidenced that, the imperial physician Li Dechang proposed the Zaizao Pill to Empress Dowager Cixi with reference to TRT Traditional Medicine Matching, and just added one more herbal medicine -Radix Paeoniae Alba based on Cixi’s actual physical conditions. The Tongrentang imitated Zaizao Pill recipe from Tongrentang is now enshrined at the Palace Museum,
3、隨王伴駕保平安
Ensuring the emperor’s health during his travels
同仁堂供的御藥經(jīng)常為皇上及皇室成員的出行保駕護航。
During the travel of the emperor and other imperial family members, Tongrentang medicines specially formulated for use by the ancient China's emperor were often brought with them.
乾隆四十八年（1783年）乾隆帝“木蘭秋狝”（秋獵），備“隨圍藥味咀片丸散”的差事由同仁堂承擔，并“限八月三十一日送到”。此次所辦藥材有茯苓、蘇葉、陳皮、半夏等27種；六味地黃丸、健步虎潛丸、補中益氣丸、藿香正氣丸、宣化丸、參蘇理肺丸、五?；镜さ瘸伤?4種；牛黃、冰片、麝香、朱砂、雄黃、犀角面、白芨面等珍貴細料藥物及藥面7種。
During Qianlong’s ‘Mulan Qiuxian’ (autumn hunting) in his 48th reign（1783）, the preparation of herbal medicines, slices, patent medicines used in the hunting was undertaken by Tongrentang, which was ordered ‘to be due on 31st day of the 8th lunar month’. There were 27 kinds of medicinal materials, 34 patent medicines And 7 kinds of precious and fine materials and powders.
4、賞賜大臣顯皇恩
Rewarding the Minister to show emperor's kindness
皇帝不僅注重自身的養(yǎng)生，也對為其立下功勞的大臣或封疆大吏、近臣寵臣、皇親國戚、前線官兵等十分關愛。這種關愛也在其賞賜藥品上見到一斑。
The emperor not only paid attention to his own health, but also cared for the ministers or regional premiers who had made contributions, courtiers and preferred ministers, imperial relatives, and the frontline officers and soldiers.
平安丸為治日常心胃疼痛的方劑，胸膈脹滿，嘔吐嘈雜，納呆痞塞者均宜，其可理肝脾，順升降，不損元氣，故不僅皇室人員使用，雍正帝也大量賞賜臣下。雍正六年十二月初八日（1728年），雍正帝親批：賞總督、御史、巡撫、將軍、提督、總兵、都統(tǒng)等各級將領平安丸，“共用平安丸捌萬伍千柒佰丸”。
Pingan Pill is a prescription for treating pains in the heart and stomach. This prescription is suitable for those who feel fullness in chest, vomit, have sour regurgitation, and feel anorexia, distention and stagnation. It can regulate the liver and spleen, and coordinate the up and down movement without damaging the promordial Qi（Vital energy）. Therefore, it was used not only by imperial families, but also by ministers as rewards given by Emperor Yongzheng.
5、保障會試聚人才
Ensuring that examinations would gather talents
清朝每年春秋二次（同治五年以前每年四次）舉辦太醫(yī)院科會考試，由堂官主考，凡吏目、醫(yī)士、恩糧生、肄業(yè)生、醫(yī)生，按考試結果決定是否能在太醫(yī)院供職。此時同仁堂承擔“科會試場差”，參考人員身體不適所用中藥由同仁堂供應。
In the Qing Dynasty, imperial medical examinations were held two times, separately in spring and autumn , by the Imperial Hospital. The examinations were monitored by Court officials and the examination results of the participants, including minor officials, medical assistants, food doctors, interns, physicians, were used to determine whether they could work in the Imperial Hospital or not. At this time, Tongrentang was responsible for the "examination room errands", and supplied Chinese medicines to these who had discomfort during the test.
在清朝每三年的科舉會試中，同仁堂根據(jù)舉人的身體情況免費備藥，寫上舉人的名字送到駐地。
In imperial medical examinations that took place every 3 years in Qing Dynasty, Tongrentang prepared medicines according to the physical conditions of the successful candidates of the examinations with their name on the prescriptions and then delivered these prescriptions to where they lived.
上述同仁堂提供的藥品保障服務，既為皇家贏得了士子之心，也使同仁堂的產(chǎn)品名揚四海。
These drug-supporting services provided by Tongrentang had not only won the hearts of the scholars for the imperial family, but also made the products of Tongrentang well-known in the world.
6、防控疫情穩(wěn)民心
Prevention and Control of the Epidemic to Stabilize the Public Confidence
清太醫(yī)張仲元《太醫(yī)院志》載：“奉旨于瘟疫時于京城設廠派員診治施藥……奏派差務：國初以來，每直京師多疫，由步軍統(tǒng)領奏請恩施醫(yī)藥惠濟滿漢軍民人等，得旨后由本院開單奏派……奉旨以為常例”。
Dr. Zhang Zhongyuan, a court physician of the Qing Dynasty, said in the Annals of Imperial Academy of Medicine: “At the order of the emperor, medical stations would be established and medical staff be dispatched to distribute medicines in the capital city whenever there was an epidemic outburst...the imperial decree stated: ever since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, whenever an epidemic erupted in the capital city, the infantry commander would petition for an imperial decree to distribute medicines to soldiers and civilians from both Manchu and Han community. Once the Emperor issued an imperial decree, the Imperial Academy of Medicine would make a “list of medicines” and start the distribution accordingly...it was mandatory to follow the imperial decree.”
票傳交進
List-based Delivery
清宮御藥房將各宮內(nèi)藥房等處所傳用的成藥或咀片寫出“用藥清單”，交給每日來御藥房的同仁堂藥商，藥商將“用藥清單”速交同仁堂鋪東，同仁堂據(jù)此逐一備藥，再由藥商將藥送交御藥房。
The Imperial Pharmacy of Qing Imperial Palace would make a "list of medicines" for patent medicines needed by the internal Pharmacies in every palace, and give it to the shopkeeper of Tongrentang immediately, who would prepare the medicines one by one according to the list.
趕緊交進
Prompt Delivery
遇到皇帝對于用藥有特殊質(zhì)量要求的情況，御藥房須派官員去同仁堂遴選藥材，“趕緊交進”。
In the case that the Emperor had special requirements for the quality of medicines, the Imperial Pharmacy would send officials to Tongrentang to select the Medicinal Materials and "deliver them promptly".
進宮制藥
On-site Medicine Preparation in the Palace
御藥房傳同仁堂技術人員進宮制藥。光緒二十五年正月十四日乾清宮傳神效暖臍藥二料，檔案記載在御藥房制藥，用“同仁堂熬膏匠役四名”。同仁堂的“工匠”能夠進宮制藥，體現(xiàn)出皇家對同仁堂制藥工藝水平的信任。
Pharmacists of Tongrentang were called upon by the Imperial Pharmacy to prepare medicines in the palace.
監(jiān)視制藥
Monitoring of Medicine Preparation
御藥房派官員到同仁堂監(jiān)視制藥，所用藥料從同仁堂取貨。光緒三十一年正月初三日，御藥房“合配三色暑藥共一百四十料，官員、蘇拉等赴同仁堂監(jiān)視碾、篩以及合配妥協(xié)”。
Some officials dispatched by the Imperial Pharmacy monitored the process of medicine preparation in Tongrentang, with all the Medicinal Materials being selected there in Tongrentang.
緊急傳藥
Emergency Delivery of Medicines
這種形式是因為宮內(nèi)有特殊病人，主要是皇帝、太后等突發(fā)疾病，由乾清宮內(nèi)藥房、壽藥房等首領傳旨御藥房，所用藥物在同仁堂準備就緒，隨時交進。即使在夜間，御藥房也要派專差立即到同仁堂取藥。
This happened when some patients in the palace needed special treatment, mostly when the Emperor and the Empress Dowager suddenly fell ill. In this case, the Imperial Pharmacy would receive imperial decree through the supervisors of the Internal Pharmacy and the Longevity Pharmacy of Palace of Heavenly Purity, then all medicines needed would be well-prepared in Tongrentang for prompt delivery. Even at night, the Imperial Pharmacy must send special dispatchers to Tongrentang to collect the medicines.
清御藥房檔案記載，同仁堂向清宮供藥大致需要按以下程序辦理：
Tongrentang’s process of offering medicines to the Qing Imperial Palace were as follows:
內(nèi)藥房首領、太監(jiān)傳旨，向御藥房傳藥。
The supervisor and eunuch of the Internal Pharmacy would convey the imperial decree to the Imperial Pharmacy for the delivery of medicines.
御藥房“票傳”同仁堂，由同仁堂藥商每日到御藥房領“用藥清單傳票”，送交同仁堂藥鋪。
Summoned by the Imperial Pharmacy, the drug dealer of Tongrentang would come and collect the “list of medicines” on a daily basis, and then deliver the list to Tongrentang.
同仁堂立即按“用藥清單”備藥，由同仁堂藥商送交御藥房。
Tongrentang would prepare the medicines immediately according to the “list of medicines” and deliver them to the Imperial Pharmacy through the drug dealer.
御藥房官員檢查藥味質(zhì)量、按“票傳”過秤驗收，并嚴格規(guī)定：“藥商送交本藥房驗明、過秤其藥味，必須揀選上好咀片……方可交進”；驗收合格即可收藥；驗收不合格，御藥房值班庫掌等官員立刻“斥駁”不能擅收。
The medicines should be checked for the quality and weighed according to the “list of medicines” by the officials of the Imperial Pharmacy for acceptance.
御藥房將藥味送交內(nèi)藥房，請皇上看后進行加工制作，即“內(nèi)藥房恭呈御覽，驗畢交下合配”。
The Imperial Pharmacy would deliver the medicines to the Internal Pharmacy, and the preparation process would start after the emperor gave his permission, namely “the Internal Pharmacy would present the medicines to the emperor for determining whether the preparation process should start”.
御藥房（或內(nèi)藥房）合配丸散或調(diào)劑湯劑，并限定：“醫(yī)生、蘇拉等一切炮制碾篩成做不準草率，以昭慎重”。
The Imperial Pharmacy (or the Internal Pharmacy) would prepare the pills, powder or decoction.
制作完成后有些檔案記載呈送太后、皇帝御覽。
Once the preparation completed, some of the records would be present to the Empress Dowager and the Emperor for review.
御藥房根據(jù)崇文門的藥味定價核算御藥的藥銀數(shù)，制作“傳藥價值清單”。
The Imperial Pharmacy would calculate the final price of imperial medicines and make a “price list of medicines”.
內(nèi)務府和御藥房主管官員共17人簽字。簽字官員有掌稿筆貼式、主事、員外郎、主稿員外郎、員外郎督催差務兼行內(nèi)管領、庫掌、署理事務主稿員外郎、總管大庫事務主稿郎中、主稿郎中，最后由御藥房事務協(xié)辦大學士、戶部尚書、總管內(nèi)務府大臣宗室福簽字。
The list would be signed by a total of 17 competent officials from the Imperial Household Department and the Imperial Pharmacy.
御藥房將上述程序工作撰寫呈文題為“御藥房為呈明領取藥銀事”呈報皇帝御批。
The Imperial Pharmacy would compile a memorial of the above mentioned process with the title of “Medicinal Expenses Sorted Out by the Imperial Pharmacy”, and submit it to the Emperor for review.
御藥房將“御藥房為呈明領取藥銀事”呈文，移送廣儲司轉(zhuǎn)銀庫。
The Imperial Pharmacy then would make the memorial--“Medicine Expenses Sorted Out by the Imperial Pharmacy” into an official document and transfer it to the Treasury Bureau via the Department of Storage.
御藥房“出具印領”（有公章的證明）赴銀庫領銀。
The Imperial Pharmacy would issue “a certificate bearing an official seal” and collect fees of the medicines from the Treasury Bureau.
御藥房向景運門發(fā)公文“御藥房為承報出門事”報告。
The Imperial Pharmacy would issue an official document titled “Settlement Submitted by the Imperial Pharmacy” to Jingyun Gate.
御藥房給御史衙門發(fā)公文“御藥房為知會事”。
Then, the Imperial Pharmacy would an official document titled “Notification from the Imperial Pharmacy” to the Discipline Inspection Department.
同仁堂藥商將藥銀領回同仁堂。
Later, the drug dealer of Tongrentang would collect the total sum of medicine fees.
1、對藥材質(zhì)量的要求是上等、純潔、地道。比如黃連選用上等、粗大、飽滿，去掉須根的四川雅安的雞爪黃連。
The Medicinal Materials should be superior in quality, impurity-free and authentic. For example, Rhizoma coptidis should be chicken feet-shaped ones from Ya’an, Sichuan Province, which must be superior in quality, bulky and plump with fibrous roots being removed.
2、對制藥的要求是“一切炮制、碾篩、成做，不得草率，以昭慎重”。同仁堂制藥工藝精湛，對炮制要求十分嚴苛且方法獨特，據(jù)統(tǒng)計，同仁堂傳統(tǒng)炮制加工方法達50多種，較復雜的工序達20多道。
The requirements for medicine preparation stated that "all procedures related to processing, grinding, screening of medicines should be rigorous and earnest, as a sign to demonstrate the seriousness of the whole process".
3、明確了御藥各相關方的質(zhì)量責任。
Clarification of the quality-related responsibilities of all parties involved in the delivery of imperial medicines.
一是同仁堂藥商、鋪東對供御藥的質(zhì)量負責；
1) The drug dealer and shopkeeper of Tongrentang should be responsible for the quality of imperial medicines;
二是御藥房“掌庫（庫房首領）檢查驗收，對送交藥味驗收負責;
2) The warehouse supervisor of the Imperial Pharmacy should be in charge of checking and acceptance of the medicines and be responsible for the medicines delivered;
三是皇帝、太后親自點驗；
3) The Emperor and the Empress Dowager would count and check the medicines themselves;
四是在使用或制作過程中經(jīng)手的御藥房官員17-18人都要簽字負責形成“粘單（類似于管理記錄）”最后由內(nèi)務府總管大臣簽字；
4) Acting as a form of responsibility sharing, an “allonge” (similar to management records) should be signed by 17 to 18 officials of the Imperial Pharmacy who engaged in medicine administration and preparation, which followed by the final signature of the Chief Minister of Imperial Household Department;
五是供藥有差錯交內(nèi)務府主管刑事獄案的慎行司法辦。
5) Any errors arising from the delivery of medicines should be dealt with by the Imperial Discipline Department, a division coping with criminal cases under the Imperial Household Department.
